How to Do Systems Analysis
Author: John E Gibson
This book focuses on systems analysis, broadly defined to also include problem formulation and interpretation of proposed alternatives in terms of the value systems of stakeholders. Therefore, the book is a complement, not a substitute to other books when teaching systems engineering and systems analysis. The nature of problem solving discussed in this book is appropriate to a wide range of systems analyses. Thus the book can be used as a stand-alone book for teaching the analysis of systems. Also unique is the inclusion of broad case studies to stress problem solving issues, making How to Do Systems Analysis a complement to the many fine works in systems engineering available today.
Table of Contents:
Preface.A Personal Note from William T. Scherer.
A Personal Note from William F. Gibson.
A Personal Note from Scott F. Ferber.
Original Preface from Jack Gibson.
Acknowledgments.
1. Introduction.
1.1 What is a System?
1.2 Terminology Confusion.
1.3 Systems Analysis Equals Operations Research Plus Policy Analysis.
1.4 Attributes of Large-Scale Systems.
1.5 Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS): An Example of a Large-Scale System.
1.6 Systems Integration.
1.7 What Makes a “Systems Analysis” Different?
1.8 Distant Roots of Systems Analysis.
1.9 Immediate Precursors to Systems Analysis.
1.10 Development of Systems Analysis As a Distinct Discipline: The Influence of RAND.
Historical Case Study: IIASA (A).
Exercises.
Case Study: Fun at Six Flags?
Historical Case Study: IIASA (B).
2. Six Major Phases of Systems Analysis.
2.1 The System Analysis Method: Six Major Phases.
2.2 The Goal-Centered or Top-Down Approach.
2.3 The Index of Performance Concept.
2.4 Developing Alternative Scenarios.
2.5 Ranking Alternatives.
2.6 Iteration and the “Error-Embracing” Approach.
2.7 The Action Phase: The Life-Cycle of a System.
Exercises.
Case Study: Methodologies or Chaos? Part A.
Case Study: Methodologies or Chaos? Part B.
CaseStudy: Wal-Mart Crisis!
3. Goal Development.
3.1 Seven Steps in Goal Development.
3.2 On Generalizing the Question.
3.3 The Descriptive Scenario.
3.4 The Normative Scenario.
3.5 The Axiological Component.
3.6 Developing an Objectives Tree.
3.7 Fitch’s Goals for Urbanizing America: An Example of Objectives Tree Construction.
3.8 Content Analysis of Fitch’s Goals.
3.9 Validate.
3.10 Iterate.
Case Study: Distance Learning in the Future?
Historical Case Study: Goals of 4C, Inc.
4. The Index of Performance.
4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Desirable Characteristics for an Index of Performance.
4.3 Economic Criteria.
4.4 Compound Interest.
4.5 Four Common Criteria for Economic Efficiency.
4.6 Is there a Problem with Multiple Criteria?
4.7 What is Wrong with the B-C Ratio?
4.8 Can IRR be Fixed?
4.9 Expected Monetary Value.
4.10 Nonmonetary Performance Indices.
Exercises.
Case Study: Sky High Airlines
Case Study: Bridges—Where to Spend the Security Dollars?
Case Study: Measuring the Process and Outcomes of Regional Transportation Collaboration.
Case Study: Baseball Free Agent Draft.
5. Develop Alternative Candidate Solutions.
5.1 Introduction.
5.2 The Classical Approach to Creativity.
5.3 Concepts in Creativity.
5.4 Brainstorming.
5.5 Brainwriting.
5.6 Dynamic Confrontation.
5.7 Zwicky’s Morphological Box.
5.8 The Options Field/Options Profile Approach.
5.9 Computer Creativity.
5.10 Computer Simulation: a Tool in Option Development.
5.11 Why a Dynamic Simulation for Creating Options?
5.12 Context-Free Simulation Models?
5.13 Bottom-Up Simulation or Top-Down?
5.14 Lessons from the Susquehanna River Basin Model.
5.15 The Forrester Urban Model (FUM) and Societal Values.
5.16 Extensions and Variations.
5.17 Where to go from Here?
Exercises.
Case Study: Winnebago.
Case Study: Distance Learning in the Future?
Historical Case Study: Real-Time Television Link with Mars Orbiter.
Historical Case Study: A Highway Vehicle Simulator.
RFP from DOT.
6. Rank Alternative Candidates.
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Rating and Ranking Methods.
6.3 Condorcet and Arrow Voting Paradoxes.
6.4 A MultiStage Rating Process.
6.5 Decision Analysis.
6.6 Basic Axioms of Decision Theory.
6.7 Properties of Utility Functions.
6.8 Constructing a Utility Curve.
6.9 Some Decision Analysis Classic Examples.
6.10 Estimation Theory in Decision Analysis.
6.11 Some Practical Problems with Decision Analysis.
6.12 Practical Trade Studies.
Exercises.
Case Study: Training Center Location.
Case Study: Corporate Headquarters Location.
Case Study: Business School Selection.
7. Iteration and Transition.
7.1 Iteration.
7.2 Segment and Focus.
7.3 The Transition Scenario.
7.4 The Gantt Chart.
7.5 Interaction Matrices.
7.6 The Delta Chart.
7.7 The Audit Trail.
7.8 Cost of Failure to Stay on Schedule.
7.9 Responsibilities of Major Actors.
7.10 Sign-Offs by Cooperating Groups.
Exercises.
8. Management of the Systems Team.
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Personal Style in an Interdisciplinary Team.
8.3.”Out-Scoping” and “In-Scoping” in a System Study.
8.4 Building the Systems Team.
8.5 Tips on Managing the Team.
8.6 Functional or Project Management?
8.7 How to Make an Effective Oral Presentation.
8.8 How to Write a Report.
9. Project Management.
9.1 Introduction.
9.2 Project Management Versus Process Management.
9.3 The Hersey-Blanchard Four-Mode Theory.
9.4 Relation of Management Style to Project Management.
9.5 Preliminary Project Planning.
9.6 Dealing with Conflict in Project Management.
9.7 Life-Cycle Planning and Design.
9.8 PERT/CPM Program Planning Method: An Example.
9.9 Quality Control in Systems Projects.
Case Study: Project Management.
10. The 10 Golden Rules of Systems Analysis.
10.1 Introduction.
10.2 Rule 1: There Always Is a Client.
10.3 Rule 2: Your Client Does Not Understand His Own Problem.
10.4 Rule 3: The Original Problem Statement is too Specific: You Must Generalize the Problem to Give it Contextual Integrity.
10.5 Rule 4: The Client Does Not Understand the Concept of the Index of Performance.
10.6 Rule 5: You are the Analyst, Not the Decision-Maker.
10.7 Rule 6: Meet the Time Deadline and the Cost Budget.
10.8 Rule 7: Take a Goal-Centered Approach to the Problem, Not a Technology-Centered or Chronological Approach .
10.9 Rule 8: Nonusers Must be Considered in the Analysis and in the Final Recommendations.
10.10 Rule 9: The Universal Computer Model is a Fantasy.
10.11 Rule 10: The Role of Decision-Maker in Public Systems is Often a Confused One.
References.
Index.
Go to: Southern Recipes and Legends or Crab Lovers Book
VHDL: Programming by Example
Author: Douglas L Perry
THE HANDS-DOWN FAVORITE USER’S GUIDE TO VHDLCOMPLETELY UPDATED TO REFLECT THE VERY LATEST DESIGN METHODS
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No matter what your current level of expertise, nothing will have you writing and verifying concise, efficient VHDL descriptions of hardware designs as fast – or as painlessly – as this classic tutorial from master teacher Doug Perry. Beginners will find it an invaluable learning tool and experienced pros will keep it on their desk as a trusted reference.
Perry teaches VHDL through a series of hundreds of practical, detailed examples, gradually increasing in complexity until you’re capable of designing a fully functional CPU. The new Fourth Edition has been completely updated with all of the VDHL codes used in the examples changed to reflect today’s faster and more efficient design methods. You’ll also find:
* A CD-ROM containing working code of all of the VDHL examples, with their matching designs along with VITAL verification tools and a working copy of ModelSIM
* All the tools you need for simulation and synthesis
* A listing of the IEEE 1164 STD-LOGIC package used throughout the book
* Useful tables and figures
* Instructions for reading the Bachus-Naur format (BNF) descriptions found in the VHDL Language Reference Manual
There truly is no faster or smarter way to master VHDL than Doug Perry’s “learn by example” approach. It works!
Booknews
A guide to writing concise, efficient descriptions of hardware using VHDL. The author uses real-world examples, sample designs, and extensive graphics. This second edition features a description of VHDL with Synthesis, reflects the IEEE 1164 standard modeling package, contains all new tables and figures, includes quick reference language tables, and addresses many issues concerning VHDL design and the available options and alternatives. Printed on acidic paper. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
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